Pumping breast milk

ABSTRACT

A breast pump provides multiple orientations of the pumping lever with respect to the breast shield. A breast pump includes a liner extending from the breast shield, through the suction chamber, and out of the suction chamber, which liner shields other components of the pump from contamination by the flow of milk through the pump during pumping operation. A breast pumping device includes a pumping lever for manually providing a cyclical vacuum within the suction chamber and an external pumping source, connected to the suction bell, that the user can activate to provide a cyclical vacuum within the suction chamber. A breast pump provides a smaller change in the grip width from when the lever is fully-extended to when the lever is fully-retracted, allowing more comfortable manual pumping.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to pumps for pumping breast milk.

BACKGROUND

Nursing mothers frequently use mechanized pumps to express milk fromtheir breasts for bottle-feeding their infant children. Some such pumpsare manually operated, in that the pumping action is motivated byreciprocating a piston or lever by hand, or compressing a flexible bulb.Often the pump lever is located directly on a structure that must beheld against the breast while the lever is reciprocated. Other suchpumps are electrically operated, and are generally considered lessfatiguing than manual pumps. Between uses, careful cleaning is requiredto keep the pump components that come in contact with breast milksanitary.

Pumped milk must typically be refrigerated if it will not be immediatelyconsumed. It is common to store such milk in sanitized bottles or bags.Improvements to pump constructions and pumping methods are desired, forcomfortable and sanitary use.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the invention, a manual breast pump includesa suction bell having an internal suction chamber, a breast shieldextending from the suction bell for receiving a human breast, andmanually operable pumping lever secured to the suction bell forgenerating a cyclical vacuum within the suction chamber. The pumpinglever is repositionable to multiple orientations with respect to thebreast shield, and can be operated in each of the orientations togenerate suction chamber vacuum.

Such breast pumps may be configured to assume multiple configurations,allowing the user to select from among different orientations of thepumping lever with respect to the breast shield for creating a cyclicvacuum condition within the suction chamber of the breast pump. Forexample, the pump can permit different orientations that allow the userto switch between the use of her right and left hands during a givenbreast pumping session.

In some embodiments, the lever is attached to a fulcrum repositionablysecured to the suction bell.

In some cases, the fulcrum is secured to a collar that is rotatablysecured to the suction bell. In some such pumps, the suction bell andcollar together define a positioning detent that secures the lever in atleast one of the multiple orientations of the lever with respect to thebreast shield.

In some embodiments of the pump, the collar is secured to the suctionbell by tabs extending from the collar and lodging in an annular channelon the suction bell, allowing the collar to be rotated in the manner ofa dial with respect to the suction bell. In some such pumps, cutouts inthe suction bell channel allow the tabs of the collar to lodge withinthe channel.

In some embodiments, the breast pump contains a flexible diaphragmattached to the suction bell such that it is in hydraulic communicationwith the suction chamber. In some such pumps the lever can be connectedto the flexible diaphragm for creation of the cyclical vacuum. In somecases, the lever is connected to a rigid plunger which in turn isattached to the flexible diaphragm. In some configurations the diaphragmis removable from the suction bell, and in some of those pumps thediaphragm is attached to a separate pumping bell that is itselfremovably attached to the suction bell. In some cases, the diaphragm isattached to a pumping bell and defines a pumping chamber that is inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber of the suction bell.Threads are provided on the pumping bell, in some instances, tocooperate with threads on the suction bell to secure the pumping bell tothe suction bell, which threads in some pumps comprise a quarter-turnfastener.

In some embodiments, a tortuous conduit hydraulically connects thepumping and suction chambers. In some such pumps, the tortuous conduitis defined by external surfaces of the pumping and suction bells, aperforation in the pumping bell, and a perforation in the suction bell.

In some cases, the lever is operably connected to a piston, which pistonis slidably disposed within a cylinder, which cylinder is in hydrauliccommunication with the suction chamber. Some such pumps include aflexible ring between the piston and the cylinder wall for providing aslidable seal.

In some pumps, the lever is secured to the suction bell such thatsuction chamber pressure decreases in each cycle with a forward motionof the lever, and increases in each cycle with a return motion of thelever.

In some cases a valve, adapted to drain pumped milk from the suctionchamber, is attached to the suction bell. A milk receptacle is removablysecured to the suction bell beneath the valve in some such pumps. And insome instances, the valve is configured to restrict flow into thesuction chamber as pressure in the suction chamber is lowered bypumping. Preferably, the valve is configured to drain pumped milk fromthe suction chamber when weight of milk above the valve exceeds apredetermined amount with vacuum pressure released. The valve in somecases is a duckbill valve.

In some configurations, the suction bell has an outer surface thatdefines a recess, on a side of the suction bell opposite the pumpinglever. In some such pumps, this recess, together with the pumping lever,defines a manual grip that a user can cyclically squeeze to operate thepump. In some cases the recess is a neck in the suction bell, and insome of those pumps the pumping lever is shaped to conform to the neck.Preferably, the manual grip has a grip width changing less than one inch(more preferably, less than ¾ of an inch) as the lever moves from afully extended position to a fully retracted position.

Preferably, two of the multiple orientations define an adjustment rangeangle of at least forty-five degrees, more preferably, at least ninetydegrees, and even more preferably, at least one-hundred and eightydegrees. In some cases, multiple positioning detents are defined betweenthe lever and the suction bell, each detent corresponding to one of themultiple orientations.

According to another aspect of the invention, a breast pump includes asuction bell having an internal suction chamber, a breast shieldextending from the suction bell for receiving a human breast, a valveattached to the suction bell that partially defines the suction chamberand is adapted to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber, and aremovable, flexible liner, extending from within the breast shield,through the suction chamber, and out of the suction chamber through thevalve, and defining a conduit for conducting pumped milk.

In some cases, the liner conducts pumped milk from the breast shield,through the suction chamber, and out of the suction chamber through themilk drainage valve for storage, while at the same time preventingcontact between the pumped milk and those, and other, parts of the pumpduring normal operation. This can advantageously prevent parts of thepump other than the liner from contacting milk flow, simplifyingcleaning and sterilization.

In some cases, the valve is configured to restrict flow into the suctionchamber as pressure in the suction chamber is lowered by pumping. Insome instances, the valves is a duckbill valve with one rigid bill andone flexible bill. Preferably, at least one bill is rigid and fixed inrelation to the suction bell.

In some embodiments, the suction bell can be opened at a hinged joint toexpose the suction chamber for liner insertion.

In many instances the pump is manually operable. For example, someembodiments have a manually operable pump lever secured to the suctionbell for the user to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber.

In some cases, the liner defines a pouch external to the suction chamberfor containing pumped milk. Some liners include a frangible section forseparating the pouch from a remainder of the liner for milk storage. Insome instances, the liner includes a pouch seal below the frangiblesection, for sealing milk within the pouch for milk storage. The pouchseal includes, in some instances, mating rib and groove fastenersections.

Preferably, the liner extends to a distal rim of the breast shield.Preferred liner materials include low-density polyethelyne, for example.

According to still another aspect of the invention, a breast pumpingdevice has a suction bell with an internal suction chamber, a breastshield extending from the suction bell and defining a receptacle forreceiving a human breast, a hand-operable lever secured to the suctionbell for a user to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber, a secondary vacuum cycling pump in hydraulic communication withthe suction chamber through a length of flexible tubing, and a valve forswitching between a hand pumping mode and a secondary vacuum cyclingpumping mode. The valve is repositionable between a first position thatrestricts hydraulic communication between the secondary vacuum cyclingpump and the suction chamber, and a second position enabling hydrauliccommunication between the secondary vacuum cycling pump and the suctionchamber, for switching between a hand pumping mode and a secondaryvacuum cycling pumping mode of the device.

Advantages of such a breast pump may include ready switching between amanual pumping mode and another pumping mode, such as in which anexternal pumping source (e.g., an electric pump or a foot-operated pump)is connected to the suction bell and provides the cyclical vacuumnecessary to induce lactation.

Some such pumps include a first port for attaching to the flexibletubing so that when the valve is positioned at its second position andthe flexible tubing is attached to the first port, the secondary vacuumcycling pump will in hydraulic communication with the suction chamberthrough the flexible tubing. And in some embodiments, the mechanical andhydraulic connection between the flexible tubing and the first port isaccomplished through a fitting positioned between and attached to theflexible tubing and the first port.

In some embodiments, the valve is repositionable between a firstposition, a second position, and a third position, with the suction belldefining a second port for attaching to the flexible tubing, throughwhich, when the valve is positioned at the third position and theflexible tubing is attached to the second port, the secondary vacuumcycling pump is in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber. Insome such cases, a fitting is positioned between and attached to theflexible tubing and the second port. And in some such pumps, the firstand second ports are oriented in opposite lateral directions.Preferably, the first and second ports are located on opposites sides ofthe suction bell from the perspective of the breast shield.

In some embodiments, the port-selection valve has a body, a portion ofwhich is disposed within the suction bell and at least partially definesa conduit through which the secondary vacuum cycling pump and thesuction chamber hydraulically communicate.

In some instances, the lever is secured to the suction bell for cyclicalmotion by the user in which suction chamber pressure decreases in eachcycle with a forward motion of the lever, and increases in each cyclewith a return motion of the lever.

In another aspect of the invention, the change in grip width of a breastpump, as measured from when the pumping lever is in its fully extendedposition to when the pumping lever is in its fully retracted position,is less than about three-quarters of an inch. Such an optimally low gripwidth change may provide increased comfort for women pumping milk fromtheir breasts and reduce fatigue during manual pumping operation.

According to another aspect of the invention, a manual breast pumpincludes a suction bell defining an internal suction chamber and apumping chamber, the suction and pumping chambers being in hydrauliccommunication via an aperture through an internal suction bell wall, theaperture positioned at an upper end of the suction chamber. The pump hasa breast shield extending from the suction bell and defining areceptacle for receiving a human breast, with the receptacle being inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber via a port disposedbelow the aperture. A valve forms a lower extent of the suction chamberand is constructed to both inhibit air flow into the suction chamber andto drain pumped milk from the suction chamber. The pumping chamber formsa manually cyclable volume, such that when the pumping chamber isexpanded a vacuum is created in the suction chamber, and when thepumping chamber is subsequently collapsed the vacuum is reduced.Notably, the aperture provides hydraulic communication between thepumping and suction chambers only through a tortuous air flow conduitrequiring multiple flow direction changes between the pumping andsuction chambers.

In some embodiments, one side of the pumping chamber is defined by amovable diaphragm that is operably connected to a manually displaceablepumping lever.

In some cases, the pumping chamber is defined within a cup-shaped cavityin the suction bell, with the cavity containing a diaphragm thatgenerally conforms, in a relaxed state, to the shape of the cavity. Theaperture and air flow conduit are preferably disposed at a lower extentof the cavity.

In some constructions, the air flow conduit comprises an annular channelwithin the internal suction bell wall, with the annular channel incommunication with the suction chamber at one rotational position alongthe channel via the aperture, and in communication with the pumpingchamber via a port extending from the channel at another rotationalposition. Preferably, the rotational positions along the channelcorresponding to the aperture and the hole are disposed at least 180degrees from one another.

In some embodiments, the suction bell comprises a main bell bodydefining the suction chamber, and a bell insert defining the pumpingchamber, the main bell body and bell insert cooperating to form thetortuous air flow conduit.

In some cases, the internal suction bell wall extends generallyhorizontally across an upper extent of the suction chamber.

This aspect of the invention can, in some cases, advantageously inhibitthe flow of expressed milk from the suction chamber, which is readilycleaned between uses, into the pumping chamber to contaminate pumpingcomponents.

In still further aspects of the invention, methods are provided forpumping breast milk. Such methods feature placing the breast receptacleof one of the above described breast pumps against a woman's breast andoperating the breast pump to express milk from the breast.

The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other features, objects, andadvantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and fromthe claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a breast pump.

FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of area 1A of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the breast pump of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cap/collar of the breast pump ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the pumping bell of the breast pump ofFIG. 1.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show the pumping lever rotated to two different positions.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the pumping bell of the breast pump ofFIG. 1.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are upper and lower perspective views, respectively, ofthe body of the breast pump of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a valve of the breast pump of FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 illustrates foot operation of a breast pumping device to inducelactation.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the foot pump of the breast pumpingdevice of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 illustrates manual operation of a breast pumping device toinduce lactation.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another breast pump.

FIG. 15 is an exploded view of the breast pump of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the breast pump of FIG.14, showing an internal liner.

FIG. 17 shows the breast pump of FIG. 14, with the suction bell hingedopen to expose the suction chamber and liner inside.

FIG. 18 is a face view of a breast pump liner.

FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the breast pump with the pumping lever at itsextended and retracted positions, respectively.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a breast pump with a sliding pumpplunger.

FIG. 22 is a top view of the breast pump of FIG. 1 illustrating twoorientations of the pumping lever with respect to the breast shield.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A cross-section of a breast pump 2 is shown in FIG. 1. Body 4 includessuction bell 8. Suction bell 8 defines suction chamber 12. Body 4 alsoincludes breast shield 16, which interfaces with suction bell 8 atinterface 10 such that breast shield 16 is in hydraulic communicationwith suction chamber 12. Breast shield 16 comprises breast receptacle 20and a distal rim 24.

Suction bell 8 of body 4 also interfaces with pumping bell 28, valve 32and valve 36. Wall 40 of body 4 define a bottle interface 48 thatincludes threads 52 to attach to a milk-storage bottle (not shown).Walls 56, 64, 72, 74 and 124 define a receptacle 68 within which pumpingbell 28 is held against suction bell 8. Lip 112 extending from wall 120of pumping bell 28 presses against a similar lip 116 of slightly smallerdiameter extending from wall 124 of suction bell 8 to form a sealedinterface and an outer margin of narrow annular conduit 362. Diaphragm128 is secured at its top and peripheral edge portion 132 to top portion136 of pumping bell 28, and partially defines, along with walls 120 and140 of pumping bell 28, pumping chamber 148. Walls 152 and 156 ofdiaphragm 128 define receptacle 164 that holds platter 168 of plunger172. Platter 168, flange 170, and extension 171 of plunger 172 abut wall156 of diaphragm 128, with extension 171 extending through hole 180 ofdiaphragm 128. Extension 176 of plunger 172 features flared end 184, andwall 208 of pumping lever 216 defines receptacle 213 within which isseated flared end 184 is seated Walls 140, 192, and 196 of pumping bell28 define a peripheral channel 188 for retaining certain tabs extendingfrom cap/collar 200, including tab 204 (see the side of pumping bell 28that is opposite pumping lever 216 in FIG. 1) enabling cap/collar 200 torotate relative to pumping bell 28. Wall 76 defines a receptacle 84 forholding valve 32. Walls 92 and 96 define a receptacle 108 for holdingvalve 36, and tab 37 of valve 36 allows valve 36 to be easily removedfrom receptacle 108.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, pumping lever 216 attaches to and pivotsaround bars 256 and 260 of cap/collar 200, such that it can cyclicallylift plunger 172 outward of suction bell 8, deflecting and deformingdiaphragm 128 to expand pumping chamber 148, thus creating vacuumpressure within pumping chamber 148 and suction chamber 12 (provided, ofcourse, that breast shield 16 is pressed against a woman's breast).Referring to the differently configured breast pump 608 of FIG. 20,diaphragm 716 is deflected and deformed outward of chamber 720.Referring to FIG. 1, a geometry which provides an initial volume of 82cc for the combined volume of suction chamber 12, tortuous conduit 372,and pumping chamber 148, and a final volume (i.e., with diaphragm 128deflected outward) of 99 cc, has been determined to induce acceptablerates of lactation. For this purpose, the suction chamber is regarded asbeginning at interface 10 adjacent to breast shield 16.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 8, receptacle 84 positions conduit 432 ofvalve 32 adjacent to hole 88. Annular channel 90 within receptacle 84accommodates an outward-facing annular protrusion 94 on the cylindricalside surface of valve 32, creating a seal between valve 32 and wall 76,locating and securely holding valve 32 within receptacle 84, andallowing valve 32 to rotate with respect to receptacle 84. Aperture 428of conduit 432 can align either with conduit 433 of port 280, or conduit435 of port 288, depending on which rotational position of valve 32within receptacle 84 the user selects.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of breast pump 2. Receptacle 68 of suctionbell 8, and pumping chamber 148 are visible. Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and4, installation of cap/collar 200 upon pumping bell 28 requires loweringtabs 204, 210 and 312 of cap/collar 200 through respective cutouts 220,212 and 214 of pumping bell 28. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, protrusions224 of cap/collar 200 share a common surface with, but are taller than,tabs 204, 208 and 312. Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, protrusions 224participate in a detent which allows rotation of cap/collar 200 aboutpumping bell 28 to be at least temporarily arrested at the discretion ofthe user, causing pumping lever 216 to be secured in a pre-selected andpredefined orientation with respect to breast shield 16, and allowingstable cyclical operation by the user. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3,Collar wall 228, cap span 232, support arms 236 and 240, support shelf244, and bosses 248 and 252 cooperate to hold bars 256 and 260 at anadvantageous distance from pumping bell 28 for formation of a fulcrumfor pumping lever 216, and provide a stiff scaffolding such thatunwanted flexure is reduced, and smooth and well-controlled cyclicalpumping action is possible. Again referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, bars 256and 260 of cap/collar 200 pass through gaps 762 formed between hooks 264and 268, and lodge in sockets 766 formed by the hooks. Referring toFIGS. 1 and 2, pumping lever 216 has a complex curved shape which bothenables it to be gripped by the user with comfort during pumping, andallows it to conform to or nest against suction bell 8 where bell 8defines a neck 272 around suction chamber 12. Pumping lever 652 of pump608 of FIG. 20 also performs this nesting function. Referring to FIGS.1, 2, and 11, tube fitting 276 can be inserted into port 280 of suctionbell 8 so that an external pump 416 (shown in FIG. 11 as a foot-operablepump) can be employed by the user to cyclically draw a vacuum on suctionchamber 12 through a flexible tube 284. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 8,valve 32 inserts into receptacle 84 of suction bell 8, wherein it canoptionally be oriented or turned so that port 280 or port 288 isactivated, or so that neither port is activated (the orientation shownin FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponds to the latter). Ports 280 and 288 can facein opposite directions, and from the perspective of breast shield 16,they can fall on opposite sides of suction bell 8. Referring to FIGS. 2,8 and 11, the fact that ports 280 and 288 fall on opposite side ofsuction bell 8 enables the user to connect flexible hose 284 to suctionbell 8 on whichever side of suction bell 8 is convenient to the user.Referring to FIGS. 2 and 9, valve 36 has a shallow concave milkcollection surface 292 with a drainage port 296 at its center. Surface300 and flat top surface 304 of valve 36 are placed against respectivemating surfaces 392 and 388 within suction bell 8 when valve 36 isinstalled.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, pump lever 216 can be made to assume multipleorientations with respect to breast shield 16 through the rotatableconnection between cap/collar 200 and pumping bell 28. Referring toFIGS. 3 and 4, tabs 204, 210 and 312 are positioned around an insideperimeter at bottom side 320 of cap/collar 200 in such a way as torespectively match the positions of cutouts 220, 212 and 214 which arepositioned around an outside perimeter near top side 322 of pumping bell28. Such unevenly spaced matching patterns can be referred to as a“keying” arrangement, because it allows coupling between cap/collar 200and pumping bell 28 only when they assume a single, specific rotationalorientation with respect to each other.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, to pump milk from her breast, a womanoperating pump 2 must cyclically rotate pumping lever 216 about itsfulcrum. The woman begins the cycle by first rotating pumping lever 216so that end 218 of pumping lever 216 moves forward toward a retractedposition for pumping lever 216 near suction bell 8. This causes plunger172 to be raised outward of pumping bell 28, and diaphragm 128 to deformupward, creating a vacuum condition within pumping chamber 148 andsuction chamber 12, and causing the woman's breast to lactate. The womancompletes the cycle by quickly releasing pumping lever 216 and allowingpumping lever 216 to reassume its fully extended position as shown inFIG. 1. This allows a vacuum-decreasing return motion during whichpressure forces and energy stored in deformed diaphragm 128 (andreleased when it relaxes)cause diaphragm 128 to pull downward on plunger172, which in turn pulls downward on receptacle 213 of pumping lever216, which causes end 218 of pumping lever 216 to move away from suctionbell 8. Pressure within suction chamber 12 preferably returns to ambientat this point in the cycle, and pumped milk which has collected abovesurface 292 of valve 36 drains through port 296.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 22, protrusions 224 of cap/collar200 cooperate with protrusions 324 and 328 of pumping chamber 28 tocreate detents that function to provide discrete orientations of pumpinglever 216 with respect to breast shield 16, at each of whichorientations pumping lever 216 can be cyclically rotated by the user topump milk from her breasts. Specifically, when tabs 204, 210, and 312 ofcap/collar 200 are lodged within channel 188 of pumping bell 28,protrusions 324 and 328 tend to settle into corresponding seams, e.g.,seams 332 and 336, which seams are specifically peripherally spaced tocorrespond to the peripheral spacing of protrusions 324 and 328.Protrusions 324 and 328 lodge with relative firmness against the seams,and tend to remain lodged against the seams while the user operates pump2. Five degrees of angular spacing between adjacent seams andtwenty-five degrees of angular spacing between protrusions has beenfound to work well. Because many different pairs of seams can providedetent lodging for protrusions 324 and 328 in this way, many more thanthe two discrete orientations shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be achieved, atthe convenience and option of the user. As shown in FIG. 22, pumpinglever 216 can occupy a position having a rotational orientation withrespect to breast shield 16 described by angle 704, which can measure,e.g., as low as 45 degrees. Another position for pumping lever 216 isshown, which has a rotational orientation with respect to breast shield16 described by angle 708, which can measure, e.g., as high as 315degrees. This provides a range of adjustment described by angle 712,which can measure, e.g., as high as 270 degrees, and which enables manydiscrete angular orientations within that range that a given user, whomay be left handed or right handed, can select based on what willprovide the most comfort during manual operation of pump 2. Of course, agiven user may wish slightly different angular orientations at differenttimes when pumping her left or right breast with the same hand, and pump2 as shown can allow for that. As well, a user may choose to switchhands, either once or repeatedly, during pumping operation, which pump 2can also allow.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, pumping bell 28 and suction bell 8 attachone to the other by a quarter-turn fastening arrangement. Quarter turnfastener threads 352 and 348 of pumping bell 28 respectively press andslide against corresponding threads 356 and 360 of suction bell 8,holding pumping bell 28 securely in place. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 7,8, and 9, portions of pumping bell 28 and suction bell 8 combine tocreate a narrow and tortuous conduit 372 that hydraulically connectspumping chamber 148 with suction chamber 12. When pumping bell 28 isseated within receptacle 68 of suction bell 8 in pump 2, and the twocomponents are secured together by the quarter-turn fasteningarrangement, the force of the quarter turn fastening arrangement isabsorbed by lips 112 and 116, which press together as a result to formthe seal at the outer margin of narrow annular conduit 362, of which theside surfaces of wall 72 forms the interior margin. Referring to FIGS.1, 7 and 8 specifically, when pumping bell 28 is secured to suction bell8, surfaces 96 and 100 are brought in close spaced relation. Besidescompleting the narrow annular conduit 362, this arrangement minimizesthe total volume of air between the two chambers, and substantiallyrestricts air flow between the two chambers to narrow annular conduit362. It is not necessary for surfaces 96 and 100 to touch, and it ispreferable that they do not, since that would tend to subtract from thecompressive force acting to seal lips 112 and 116 together. A hydraulicconnection between pumping chamber 148 and narrow annular conduit 362 iscreated by perforation 364 in wall 120 of pumping bell 28. Also, ahydraulic connection between suction chamber 12 and narrow annularconduit 362 is created by perforation 368 in wall 124 of suction bell 8,which in the assembly can be 180 degrees offset from (i.e., on theopposite side of narrow annular conduit 362 from) perforation 364 inpumping bell 28. Perforations 364 and 368 can also be oriented normal tothe curved planar path of narrow annular conduit 362.

Offset perforations 364 and 368, together with narrow annular conduit362, define narrow tortuous conduit 372 which hydraulically connectspumping chamber 148 of pumping bell 28 with suction chamber 12 ofsuction bell 8, so that during pumping operation of pump 2, the pressurewithin the two chambers will tend to be the same. At the same time,however, pumping chamber 148 and suction chamber 12 are physicallyseparated. Also, perforation 368 at one end of narrow tortuous conduit372 is positioned away from the flow of pumped milk within suctionchamber 12 during normal pumping operation. As well, narrow tortuousconduit 372 includes multiple changes in conduit direction. Thesefactors all contribute to the desired result that the milk flowingthrough suction chamber 12 during normal pumping operation of pump 2will be prevented from entering pumping bell 28 through perforation 364via tortuous conduit 372. This prevents pumping chamber 148 from beingcontaminated with pumped milk during normal pumping operation of pump 2.And because pumping bell 28, along with cap/collar 200, diaphragm 128,and pumping lever 216, can be easily detached from suction bell 8 byreleasing quarter-turn fastener threads 348, 352, 356 and 360, thoseparts need not be cleaned and sanitized between uses by means of thesame rigorous process as will those components of pump 2 below pumpingbell 28 which will normally be in contact with pumped milk (e.g.,suction bell 8, breast shield 16 of body 4, and valve 36).

One particularly advantageous feature of pump 2 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is thatthe number of parts that must be rigorously cleaned between pumpingsessions is relatively small compared to the total number of parts thatmake up the pump. Parts which come in contact with breast milk duringnormal operation, and should therefore generally be rigorously sanitizedbetween pumping sessions, include body 4 and valve 36. Preferably, suchsanitation includes using tab 37 of valve 36 to remove valve 36 frombody 4, and then cleaning and sanitizing the parts in the disassembledstate. All other parts should also be disassembled from body 4 beforethe latter is cleaned and sanitized. For example, the user will urgevalve 32 outward of receptacle 84 until annular protrusion 94 snaps outof annular channel 90, allowing valve 32 to detach. Valve 32 can bewashed using a combination of water and ordinary dish detergent, rinsedwith fresh water, and allowed to dry. The user will also twist pumpingbell 28 with respect to body 4, thus releasing the force of thequarter-turn fastener and allowing pumping bell 28 to lift off body 4.At this point the remaining parts of pump 2 will also have been detachedfrom body 4, because the fastening arrangements between all of thoseparts and body 4 necessarily include the quarter-turn fasteningarrangement between pumping bell 28 and body 4. Referring to FIG. 1,Pumping bell 28, diaphragm 128, plunger 172, cap/collar 200 and pumpinglever 216 comprise subassembly 750, which, because not contacted by theflow of breast milk during normal use of pump 2, need not bedisassembled in preparation for rigorous sanitation of individual parts,and instead should only be subjected, fully assembled, to light cleaningfollowed by a fresh water rinse and air drying between pumping sessions,as described above with regard to valve 32.

Another aspect of the design of subassembly 750 prevents even itspartial disassembly when suction bell 28 is attached via thequarter-turn fastening arrangement to body 4. Another aspect of thedesign of subassembly 750 discourages disassembly of subassembly 750 ingeneral, even when it has been detached from body 4. For understandingthese features, and their advantages, it will be helpful to consider howcomponents of subassembly 750 are assembled.

For assembly of subassembly 750, flared end 184 of plunger 172 is urgedtoward receptacle 164 of diaphragm 128, and is inserted through hole180. Extension 176 and flange 170 follow flared end 184 through hole 180to permit wall 156 of diaphragm 128 to lodge in the space between flange170 and platter 168 of plunger 172. Diaphragm 128 is then lowered withplunger 172 past rim 136 of pumping bell 28, and edge region 132 ofdiaphragm 128 is pushed onto rim 136, forming an air-tight seal.Separately, pumping lever 216 is oriented so that receptacle 213 pointsdownward, and receptacle 213 is then inserted downward at a relativelysteep angle through the gap between walls 236 and 240 of cap/collar 200.Insertion continues until the entirety of curved surface 754 of pumpinglever 216 has entered the gap, along with a portion of curved surface758. Once latching hooks 264 and 268 have been lowered below the levelof bars 256 and 260, pumping lever 216 is urged sideways toward supportshelf 244 so that bars 256 and 260 are directly above corresponding gaps762 formed between the ends of respective hooks 264 and 268 and the restof pumping lever 216. Cap/collar 200 is then urged downward towardpumping lever 216 so that bars 256 and 260 pass through correspondinggaps 762 and into sockets 766 formed by respective hooks 264 and 268, atwhich time a moderate amount of additional force is needed to move bars256 and 260 past an interference between the parts, and to allow bars256 and 260 to securely and rotatably seat within sockets 766. Freerotation of pumping lever 216 around bars 256 and 260 is then possible,and the combined geometry of pumping lever 216 and cap/collar 200 causescurved surface 754, during this rotation, to remain close to edge 770 ofwall 232 of cap/collar 200 during angular translation (i.e., the radiuswhich roughly describes curved surface 754 originates approximately at aline coaxial with bars 256 and 260).

The final stage in the assembly of subassembly 750 includes forming theseparate connections between receptacle 213 of pumping lever 216 andplunger 172 on the one hand, and between cap/collar 200 and pumping bell28 on the other. First, flared end 184 of plunger 172 is seated inreceptacle 213 of pumping lever 216. To do this, pumping lever 216,which will by now be attached to cap/collar 200 in the manner describedabove, should be temporarily rotated beyond the fully extended position(e.g., as shown in FIG. 1) so that end 218 is rotated even farther tothe right than is shown in FIG. 1. This is an “over-rotated” conditionof pumping lever 216 with respect to cap/collar 200, and it results inreceptacle 213 of pumping lever 216 extending well below lower surface320 of cap/collar 200. Receptacle 213 is caused to hook under flared end184 of plunger 172. Flared end 184 is then pulled temporarily upward(pulling diaphragm 128 with it) to meet receptacle 213 to avoidinterference among components. Once the hooking step is complete,cap/collar 200 is rotated as necessary to ensure that tabs 204, 210 and312 are respectively aligned with cutouts 220, 212 and 214. And oncekeying alignment is achieved, the tabs are lowered so that they lodge inchannel 188. Pumping lever 216 will automatically assume the fullyextended position as shown in FIG. 1, in part because diaphragm 128tends to move toward the shape shown in FIG. 1, and in part because itis restricted from rotating further by mechanical interference asexplained below. Cap/collar 200 is then rotated away from the keyingalignment orientation with pumping bell 28, and into an orientation inwhich seams between protrusions 224 of cap/collar 200 cooperate withprotrusions 324 and 328 of pumping bell to hold cap/collar 200, alongwith pumping lever 216, in a distinct and stable rotational orientationwith respect to pumping bell 28.

Subassembly 750 is now complete, and pumping lever 216 can no longer“over-rotate” in the way it did prior to assembly of cap/collar 200 atoppumping bell 28 (i.e., receptacle 213 cannot dip any further intopumping bell 28 than is shown, e.g., in FIG. 1). This is because edges774 (one on either side of pumping lever 216) are blocked by edge region132 of diaphragm 128, as they are supported by rim 136 of pumpingchamber 128. Edges 778 of pumping lever 216 are similarly blocked.Beneficially, this makes it physically impossible to remove pumpinglever 216 from its rotational connection on bars 256 and 260 withoutdisassembling cap/collar 200 from pumping bell 28. The significance ofthis latter feature will be apparent when considered in light of thefollowing. Attachment of subassembly 750 to body 4 must take place atthe quarter-turn fastening arrangement between pumping bell 28 andsuction bell 8. Once this connection is made, it will be impossible torotate cap/collar 200 to the orientation in which the tabs of cap/collar200 are keyed to the cutouts of pumping bell 28. The reason for this isthat mechanical interference between pumping lever 216 and breast shield16 (made inevitable because over-rotation of pumping lever 216 isprevented) subtracts upwards of 90 degrees from what would otherwise bea complete circle of rotation by cap/collar 200 with respect to pumpingbell 28. And the orientation which allows cap/collar 200 to lift offpumping bell 28 (i.e., the keying or matching orientation between thetabs of cap/collar 200 and the cutouts of pumping bell 28) falls, bydesign, approximately in the middle of this 90 degree span of rotation.Thus the user must remove subassembly 750 from body 4 before being ableto disassemble any portion of subassembly 750. This means thatsubassembly 750 must be removed intact if it is to be removed at all.This feature of pump 2, combined with the fact that disassembly ofsubassembly 750 requires a specific order of combined manipulation,advantageously discourages unnecessary disassembly of subassembly 750.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 8 and 9, during pumping operation, unoccupiedportions of receptacle 68 are outside the combined volume of the pumpingchamber 148, narrow tortuous conduit 372, and suction chamber 12. Assuch, those portions will not be subjected to pressure cycling duringpumping.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 9, valve interface portion 108 of suction bell8 is shown, as well as a portion of suction chamber 12, perforation 368,opening 376 to channel 380 which leads to breast shield 16, and wall 40of body 4 which flares out and forms internal threads 52 which secure tomating external threads of a milk storage bottle (not shown). Referringto FIGS. 2 and 9, in assembled pump 2 and during operation, top surface304 and surface 300 of valve 36 respectively abut bottom surface 388 andsurface 392 of suction bell 8. Friction between valve 36 and suctionbell 8 at their respective surfaces 300 and 392 helps keep valve 36seated against suction bell 8, where valve 36 forms part of suctionchamber 12.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 10, drainage port 296 of valve 36 leads to aduckbill portion 396. The two bills 400, 404 of duckbill portion 396tend to seal against each other when suction chamber 12 is subjected tovacuum pressure during pumping operation, and conversely tend to relaxand to reveal opening 408 when vacuum pressure is relieved, eitherbetween cycles of vacuum pressure or when the pumping has ceased,allowing pumped milk to drain from drainage port 296 through opening 408under the force of its own weight. Tab 37 facilitates insertion andremoval of valve 36 from valve interface portion 108 of suction bell 8.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 11 and 12, a woman utilizes breast pump 2 in anexternal pumping mode, in which a flexible tube 284 is mechanicallyattached to suction bell 8 such that foot-operated pump 416 is placed inhydraulic communication with suction chamber 12 (not shown), the woman'sbreast is inserted into breast shield 16, and the woman uses her foot tocyclically operate foot pump 416, which provides the cycling vacuumpressure needed to pump milk from her breast. In such an arrangement,flexible tube 284 can be attached to end 420 of fitting 276, end 424 offitting 276 can be inserted into, e.g., port 280 of suction bell 8,valve 32 can be turned so that aperture 428 of conduit 432 is orientedin the direction of port 280 so as to activate the port, and foot pump416 of FIG. 12 can be used to create cycling vacuum pressure. Referringto FIG. 12, plate 436 can be depressed, pushing plunger extension 440downward along track 444, which in turn deflects diaphragm 448 downward.Because edge 456 of diaphragm 448 is sealed around lip 460 of fixedplate 464, the deflection of diaphragm 448 creates suction at port 452of foot pump 416. After the user releases the load on plate 436, spring472 returns plate 436 to its extreme upward position, as shown in FIG.12.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 13, a woman can utilize breast pump 2 in amanual pumping mode. Valve 32 is turned so that neither port 280 norport 288 is activated (see FIGS. 1 and 2), capping off or closing hole88 in suction chamber 12, and the woman uses her left hand to cyclicallydeflect pumping lever 216 (and end 218 with it) by turns toward and awayfrom suction bell 8, creating a cyclical vacuum inside the pumping andsuction chambers 148, 12. The woman may adjust the orientation ofpumping lever 216 with respect to breast shield 16 to achieve the mostcomfortable angle at which to grip and deflect pumping lever 216 towardsuction bell 8.

Body 4 can comprise polycarbonate, for transparency and strength.Pumping bell 28 and fitting 276 can comprise ABS (acrilonitrilebutadiene styrene). The following parts can comprise polypropylene:pumping lever 216, cap/collar 200, valve 32, plunger 172. Diaphragm 128can comprise TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) and valve 36 can comprisesilicone.

Referring to FIG. 21 breast pump 676 is shown, similar in many respectsto pump 2 of FIGS. 1 and 2, but lacking parts corresponding to plunger172 and diaphragm 128 of pump 2. Piston 680 of breast pump 676 isretractably disposed within cylinder 692 of pumping bell 684 forcyclical movement within chamber 684. Piston 680, in cooperation withthe pumping lever 688, can provide a cyclical vacuum within cylinder692. Flexible seals 696 and 700 can be placed between piston 680 and thesurface of pumping chamber 684 to provide substantially airtight slidingoperation for efficient pumping.

Referring to FIGS. 14-17, manual breast pump 476 is shown. Pump 476lacks a valve and ports to permit external pumping, but is similar incertain other ways to pump 2 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Pump 476 includes a latch480 and a hinge 484, which together permit suction bell 488 to be openedand suction chamber 492 to be exposed, and also permit suction bell 488to be closed and secured. Referring to FIG. 15, pump 476 is shown in anexploded assembly view. Rigid member 496 and flexible member 500 combineto form portions of valve 504. FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of theassembly of pump 476, with a plastic liner 508, comprising a flexibleconduit for conducting pumped breast milk positioned inside pump 476.Liner 508 passes through valve 504 between a downward sloping wall 512of rigid member 496 and a downward sloping wall 516 of flexible member500. When the user, by cyclically operating pumping lever 506, subjectssuction chamber 492 to vacuum pressure as compared to the ambientpressure, downward sloping wall 516 of flexible member 500 will tend toseal against downward sloping wall 512 of rigid member 496, preventinginward flow from outside pumping chamber 492, either of pumped milkthrough the conduit formed by liner 508, or of air around liner 508.With liner 508 in place, suction bell 488 of pump 476 may not need to beas rigorously sanitized between uses, as milk-conducting liner 508prevents it from coming in contact with pumped milk. Similarly, allother parts of pump 476 which liner 508 shields from the flow of milkmay not need to be as rigorously sanitized, and liner 508 can extend toand beyond rim 520 of breast shield 532, as described below.

Referring to FIG. 17, pump 476 is shown (without a milk collectionbottle 524). Latch 480 is loose, and hinge 484 is flexed to revealsuction chamber 492. Narrow conduit portion 528 of liner 508 passesthrough suction chamber 492. This hinging function allows the user toeasily thread liner 508, for example from below valve 504, up throughvalve 504, into suction chamber 492, and from there into the channel(not shown) leading to breast shield 532. After the threading of liner508 is complete, the user can rotate hinge 484, and secure latch 480into hole 536 of suction bell 488.

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 18, an optional configuration of liner 508 isshown. Two thin flexible plastic sheets 540 and 544, preferablycomprising low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and optionally comprisinglinear-low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), can lay flat against each otherand are sealed along common edge 548 to form a tube or conduit betweenthe panels. At one end 556 of liner 508, panels 540 and 544 and seal 552form a pouch 560 adapted to collect and store pumped milk. In anotherembodiment, end 556 is not sealed, and the milk is allowed to drain outof liner 508, e.g., into a glass or plastic container (not shown). Also,another embodiment includes pleats on the sides and bottom of pouch 560to increase the total volume of milk pouch 560 can hold. Above pouch 560is rib and groove seal 564, by the use of which the user can seal pumpedmilk within pouch 560. Liner 508 has a portion 568 of decreasing width,terminating in a narrow portion 572 sized to fit flat within the gapbetween rigid downward sloping wall 512 of rigid member 496 and flexibledownward sloping wall 516 of flexible member 500 of valve 504, valve 504impinging against liner 508 to prevent reverse milk flow back intosuction chamber 492 during pumping. Valve 504 can also close moregenerally around liner 508 to prevent the flow of air around liner 508into suction chamber 492 during pumping. Above narrow portion 572 liner508 has a gradually widening portion 576, shaped to conform to portion580 of suction bell 488 nearest breast shield 532. Above graduallywidening portion 576 is a sharply widening portion 584, shaped toconform to the contour of breast shield 532. Above sharply wideningportion 584 is narrowing portion 588 which can be stretched around andpast rim 520 of breast shield 532, so that liner 508 stays in place whena woman's breast is placed into breast shield 532 against liner 508. Thetwo sheets 540 and 544 that comprise the initially flat liner can bepartially or completely separate (no edge seal) above sharply wideningportion 584, and when liner 508 is installed within pump 476, tabs 596and 600 can be grasped, parted, and pulled past opposite sides of breastshield rim 520. Predefined frangible parting line 592 allows tabportions 596, 600 of narrowing portion 588 to be torn away from theremainder of narrowing portion 588 after liner installation. Also,predefined frangible parting line 604 enables sealable pouch portion 560of liner 508 to be separated from the remainder of liner 508 above riband groove seal 564. This allows pouch 620 to be separated cleanlywithout cutting, making handling of pumped milk easier, and facilitatingrefrigerated storage of pumped milk.

Referring to FIGS. 19 and 20, manual breast pump 608 is shown. Liner 612extends upward through suction bell 616 from below where it forms apouch 620, which is pleated for larger storage volume. Liner 612 extendsthrough valve 624, through suction chamber 628, into and through breastshield 632, and to and around edge 636 of breast shield 632, thusshielding all parts of breast pump 608 from contamination from pumpedmilk. The user can operate two pumping levers 648 and 652 in concert toretract plunger 620 through a cylinder 644 and outward of suctionchamber 628. The user moves primary lever 648 through essentially thesame angle or arc as pumping lever 216 of FIGS. 1 and 2, since primarylever 648 is designed to move plunger 640 about the same distancethrough cylinder 644 as does pumping lever 216 of FIGS. 1 and 2.However, the interface between primary lever 648 and gripping lever 652can comprise a linkage which provides a mechanical advantage of lessthan one, i.e., a linkage which enables a user to cause primary lever648 to rotate through the required arc 664 (i.e., the arc correspondingto the distance of retraction of plunger 640 that is required forcreation of an adequate cyclic vacuum), by urging gripping lever 652through an arc 668 that is smaller than arc 664. From the perspective ofthe user, this can be advantageous. The required squeezing distance or“throw” of pump 608 can be defined as the difference between grip length656 as measured when gripping lever 652 is at its fully extendedposition, and grip length 660 as measured when gripping lever 652 is atits forward-most or fully retracted position (i.e., dimension 656 minusdimension 660). Reducing the required throw can make cyclic pumpingaction more comfortable. For the sake of comparison, grip length of pump2 of FIGS. 1 and 2 can range from 74 millimeters when pumping lever 216is at its fully-extended position, to 52 millimeters when end 218 ofpumping lever 216 has been urged as far toward suction bell 8 as themechanism permits (i.e., the fully retracted position), covering arotation angle for pumping lever 216 of thirty degrees. This correspondsto a squeezing distance of 22 millimeters. The grip length of manualbreast pump 608, by contrast, can range from a dimension 656corresponding to a fully extended 75 millimeters to a dimension 660corresponding to a fully retracted 56.8 millimeters, corresponding to asqueezing distance of 18.2 millimeters, and covering a rotation anglefor the gripping lever 652 of only fifteen degrees (lower than that ofpump 2 because the rotational linkage between gripping 652 and primary648 levers includes a 1:2 mechanical advantage). The squeezing distanceor throw of pump 608 is thus 17.3% lower than that of pump 2. This canhave the advantage of reducing fatigue over the many vacuum cyclesnecessary when pumping breast milk. Additionally, a neck about suctionbell 616 provides a recess 672 on the opposite side of suction bell 616from gripping lever 652, allowing the grip widths represented bydimensions 656 and 660 to be reasonably small, contributing to thecomfort of women using pump 608, and reducing the incidence of fatigue.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, atwo-piece milk drainage valve similar to valve 504 of pump 476 (as shownin FIG. 15) can be used in place of valve 36 of pump 2 (as shown in FIG.1). Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction belldefining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extending from thesuction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber;and a manually operable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclicalmotion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within thesuction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the suction bell, and cyclically operablein each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 2. Thebreast pump of claim 1, wherein the lever is attached to a fulcrumrepositionably secured to the suction bell.
 3. The breast pump of claim2, wherein the fulcrum is secured to a collar rotatably secured to thesuction bell.
 4. The breast pump of claim 3, wherein the suction belland collar together define a positioning detent adapted to secure thelever in at least one of the multiple orientations with respect to thebreast shield.
 5. The breast pump of claim 3, wherein tabs extendingfrom the collar are lodged within an annular channel defined by thesuction bell for restricting movement of the collar to a dialingrotation with respect to the suction bell.
 6. The breast pump of claim5, wherein the suction bell defines cutouts in the channel for allowinglodging of the tabs within the channel.
 7. The breast pump of claim 1,wherein the lever is operably connected to a flexible diaphragm inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber.
 8. The breast pump ofclaim 7, wherein the diaphragm is removable from the suction bell. 9.The breast pump of claim 8, wherein the diaphragm is attached to apumping bell removably attached to the suction bell, and the diaphragmand pumping bell define a pumping chamber in hydraulic communicationwith the suction chamber.
 10. The breast pump of claim 9, wherein atortuous conduit hydraulically connects the pumping and suctionchambers.
 11. The breast pump of claim 10, wherein external surfaces ofthe pumping and suction bells, a perforation in the pumping bell, and aperforation in the suction bell define the tortuous conduit.
 12. Thebreast pump of claim 9, wherein threads on the pumping bell cooperatewith threads on the suction bell to secure the pumping bell to thesuction bell.
 13. The breast pump of claim 12, wherein the threads onthe pumping and suction bells comprise a quarter-turn fastener.
 14. Thebreast pump of claim 7, wherein the lever is operably connected to arigid plunger secured to the flexible diaphragm.
 15. The breast pump ofclaim 1, wherein the lever is operably connected to a piston, the pistonbeing slidably disposed within a cylinder, and the cylinder being inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber.
 16. The breast pump ofclaim 15, further comprising a flexible ring that comprises a slidableseal between a side wall of the piston and a wall defining the cylinder.17. The breast pump of claim 1, wherein the lever is secured to thesuction bell for cyclical motion in which suction chamber pressuredecreases in each cycle with a forward motion of the lever, andincreases in each cycle with a return motion of the lever.
 18. Thebreast pump of claim 1, wherein the pump further includes a valveattached to the suction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk from thesuction chamber.
 19. The breast pump of claim 18, wherein the pumpfurther includes a milk receptacle removably secured to the suction bellbeneath the valve.
 20. The breast pump of claim 18, wherein the valve isconfigured to restrict flow into the suction chamber as pressure in thesuction chamber is lowered by pumping.
 21. The breast pump of claim 20,wherein the valve is configured to drain pumped milk from the suctionchamber when weight of milk above the valve exceeds a predeterminedamount with vacuum pressure released.
 22. The breast pump of claim 21,wherein the valve is a duckbill valve.
 23. The breast pump of claim 1,wherein the suction bell has an outer surface that defines a recess, ona side of the suction bell opposite the pumping lever, that defines,together with the pumping lever, a manual grip cyclically squeezable tooperate the pump.
 24. The breast pump of claim 23, wherein the recesscomprises a neck in the suction bell.
 25. The breast pump of claim 24,wherein the lever is shaped to conform to the neck in the suction bell.26. The breast pump of claim 23 wherein to manual grip has a grip widthchanging less than one inch as the lever moves from a fully extendedposition to a fully retracted position.
 27. The breast pump of claim 26,wherein the manual grip has a grip width changing less thanthree-quarters of an inch as the lever moves from a fully extendedposition to a fully retracted position.
 28. The breast pump of claim 1,wherein two of the multiple orientations define an adjustment rangeangle of at least forty-five degrees.
 29. The breast pump of claim 28,wherein two of the multiple orientations define an adjustment rangeangle of at least ninety degrees.
 30. The breast pump of claim 29,wherein two of the multiple orientations define an adjustment rangeangle of at least one-hundred and eighty degrees.
 31. The breast pump ofclaim 1, wherein multiple positioning detents are defined between thelever and the suction bell, each detent corresponding to one of themultiple orientations.
 32. A method of pumping breast milk, comprising:a) placing the breast shield of the breast pump of claim 1 against ahuman breast; and b) cycling the pumping lever of the breast pump toexpress milk from the breast.
 33. A breast pump comprising a suctionbell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extendingfrom the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a humanbreast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suctionchamber; a valve attached to the suction bell that partially defines thesuction chamber and is adapted to drain pumped milk from the suctionchamber; and a removable, flexible liner extending from within thebreast shield, through the suction chamber, and out of the suctionchamber through the valve, the liner defining a conduit for conductingpumped milk.
 34. The breast pump of claim 33, wherein the valve isconfigured to restrict flow into the suction chamber as pressure in thesuction chamber is lowered by pumping.
 35. The breast pump of claim 33,wherein the valve comprises a duckbill valve with one rigid bill and oneflexible bill.
 36. The breast pump of claim 35, wherein the rigid billis fixed in relation to suction bell.
 37. The breast pump of claim 35,wherein the suction bell is openable at a hinged joint to expose thesuction chamber for liner insertion.
 38. The breast pump of claim 33,wherein the pump is manually operable.
 39. The breast pump of claim 38,wherein the pump includes a manually operable pump lever secured to thesuction bell for cyclical motion with respect thereto to generate acyclical vacuum within the suction chamber.
 40. The breast pump of claim33, wherein the liner defines a pouch external to the suction chamberfor containing pumped milk.
 41. The breast pump of claim 40, wherein theliner includes a frangible section for separating the pouch from aremainder of the liner for milk storage.
 42. The breast pump of claim41, wherein the liner includes a pouch seal below the frangible section,for sealing milk within the pouch for milk storage.
 43. The breast pumpof claim 42, wherein the seal comprises mating rib and groove fastenersections.
 44. The breast pump of claim 33, wherein the liner extends toa distal rim of the breast shield.
 45. The breast pump of claim 33,wherein the liner comprises low-density polyethylene.
 46. A method ofpumping breast milk, comprising: a) placing the breast shield of thebreast pump of claim 39 against a human breast; and b) cycling thepumping lever of the breast pump to express milk from the breast intothe liner conduit.
 47. A breast pumping device comprising a suction beltdefining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extending from thesuction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; ahand-operable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclical motion withrespect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber; and a secondary vacuum cycling pump in hydraulic communicationwith the suction chamber through a length of flexible tubing; and avalve repositionable between a first position restricting hydrauliccommunication between the secondary vacuum cycling pump and the suctionchamber, and a second position enabling hydraulic communication betweenthe secondary vacuum cycling pump and the suction chamber, for switchingbetween a hand pumping mode and a secondary vacuum cycling pumping modeof the device.
 48. The breast pump device of claim 47, wherein thesecondary vacuum cycling pump is an electric pump.
 49. The breast pumpdevice of claim 47, wherein the secondary vacuum cycling pump is afoot-operated pump.
 50. The breast pump device of claim 47, wherein thesuction bell defines a first port for attaching to the flexible tubing,through which, when the valve is positioned at its second position andthe flexible tubing is attached to the first port, the secondary vacuumcycling pump is in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber. 51.The breast pump device of claim 50 further comprising a fitting betweenthe flexible tubing and the first port that mechanically andhydraulically connects the flexible tubing to the first port.
 52. Thebreast pump device of claim 47, wherein the valve is repositionablebetween a first position, a second position, and a third position, andthe suction bell defines a second port for attaching to the flexibletubing, through which, when the valve is positioned at the thirdposition and the flexible tubing is attached to the second port, thesecondary vacuum cycling pump will be in hydraulic communication withthe suction chamber.
 53. The breast pump device of claim 52, furthercomprising a fitting between the flexible tubing and the second port tatmechanically and hydraulically connects the flexible tubing to thesecond port.
 54. The breast pump device of claim 52, wherein the firstand second ports are oriented in opposite lateral directions and arelocated on opposites sides of the suction bell from the perspective ofthe breast shield.
 55. The breast pump device of claim 47, wherein thevalve has a body, a portion of which is disposed within the suctionbell.
 56. The breast pump device of claim 55, wherein the portion of thevalve body disposed within the suction bell at least partially defines aconduit through which the secondary vacuum cycling pump and the suctionchamber hydraulically communicate.
 57. The breast pump device of claim47, wherein the lever is secured to the suction bell for cyclical motionin which suction chamber pressure decreases in each cycle with a forwardmotion of the lever, and increases in each cycle with a return motion ofthe lever.
 58. A method of pumping breast milk, comprising: a) placingthe breast shield of the breast pumping device of claim 47 against ahuman breast; b) positioning the valve at its second position; and c)operating the secondary vacuum cycling pump to express milk from thebreast.
 59. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction bell defining aninternal suction chamber and a pumping chamber, the suction and pumpingchambers being in hydraulic communication via an aperture through aninternal suction bell wall, the aperture being positioned at an upperend of the suction chamber; a breast shield extending from the suctionbell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber viaa port disposed below the aperture; and a valve forming the lower extentof the suction chamber, adapted to inhibit air flow into the suctionchamber, and to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber; wherein thepumping chamber forms a manually cyclable volume, such that when thepumping chamber is expanded a vacuum is created in the suction chamber,and when the pumping chamber is subsequently collapsed the vacuum isreduced; and wherein the aperture provides hydraulic communicationbetween the pumping and suction chambers only through a tortuous airflow conduit requiring multiple flow direction changes between thepumping and suction chambers.
 60. A manual breast pump, comprising: asuction bell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shieldextending from the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receivinga human breast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber; and a manually operable lever attached to a fulcrumrepositionably secured to a collar rotatably secured to the suction bellfor cyclical motion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuumwithin the suction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable tomultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield, and manuallyoperable in each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum,the suction bell and collar together defining a positioning detentadapted to secure the lever in at least one of the multiple orientationswith respect to the breast shield.
 61. The breast pump of claim 60,wherein the lever is operably connected to a flexible diaphragm inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber.
 62. The breast pump ofclaim 60, wherein the lever is operably connected to a piston, thepiston being slidably disposed within a cylinder, and the cylinder beingin hydraulic communication with the suction chamber.
 63. The breast pumpof claim 60, wherein the pump further includes a valve attached to thesuction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber.64. The breast pump of claim 60, wherein the suction bell has an outersurface that defines a recess, on a side of the suction bell oppositethe pumping lever, that defines, together with the pumping lever, amanual grip cyclically squeezable to operate the pump.
 65. The breastpump of claim 60, wherein two of the multiple orientations define anadjustment range angle of at least forty-five degrees.
 66. The breastpump of claim 60, wherein multiple positioning detents are definedbetween the lever and the suction bell, each detent corresponding to oneof the multiple orientations.
 67. A manual breast pump, comprising: asuction bell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shieldextending from the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receivinga human breast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber; and a manually operable lever attached to a fulcrumrepositionably secured to a collar rotatably secured to the suction bellfor cyclical motion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuumwithin the suction chamber, wherein tabs extending from the collar arelodged within an annular channel defined by the suction bell forrestricting movement of the collar to a dialing rotation with respect tothe suction bell; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the breast shield, and manually operable ineach of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 68. Thebreast pump of claim 67, wherein the suction bell defines cutouts in thechannel for allowing lodging of the tabs within the channel.
 69. Thebreast pump of claim 67, wherein the lever is operably connected to aflexible diaphragm in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber.70. The breast pump of claim 67, wherein the lever is operably connectedto a piston, the piston being slidably disposed within a cylinder, andthe cylinder being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber.71. The breast pump of claim 67, wherein the pump further includes avalve attached to the suction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk fromthe suction chamber.
 72. The breast pump of claim 67, wherein thesuction bell has an outer surface that defines a recess, on a side ofthe suction bell opposite the pumping lever, that defines, together withthe pumping lever, a manual grip cyclically squeezable to operate thepump.
 73. The breast pump of claim 67, wherein two of the multipleorientations define an adjustment range angle of at least forty-fivedegrees.
 74. The breast pump of claim 67, wherein multiple positioningdetents are defined between the lever and the suction bell, each detentcorresponding to one of the multiple orientations.
 75. A manual breastpump, comprising: a suction bell defining an internal suction chamber; abreast shield extending from the suction bell and defining a receptaclefor receiving a human breast, the receptacle being in hydrauliccommunication with the suction chamber; a flexible diaphragm attached toa pumping bell removably attached to the suction bell, the diaphragm andpumping bell defining a pumping chamber in hydraulic communication withthe suction chamber, the pumping and suction chambers beinghydraulically connected by a tortuous conduit; and a manually operablelever operably connected to the diaphragm for cyclical motion withrespect to the suction bell to generate a cyclical vacuum within thesuction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the breast shield, and manually operable ineach of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 76. Thebreast pump of claim 75, wherein external surfaces of the pumping andsuction bells, a perforation in the pumping bell, and a perforation inthe suction bell define the tortuous conduit.
 77. The breast pump ofclaim 75, wherein the pump further includes a valve attached to thesuction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber.78. The breast pump of claim 75, wherein the suction bell has an outersurface that defines a recess, on a side of the suction bell oppositethe pumping lever, that defines, together with the pumping lever, amanual grip cyclically squeezable to operate the pump.
 79. The breastpump of claim 75, wherein two of the multiple orientations define anadjustment range angle of at least forty-five degrees.
 80. The breastpump of claim 75, wherein multiple positioning detents are definedbetween the lever and the suction bell, each detent corresponding to oneof the multiple orientations.
 81. A manual breast pump, comprising: asuction bell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shieldextending from the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receivinga human breast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber; a flexible diaphragm attached to a pumping bellremovably attached to the suction bell, threads on the pumping bellcooperating with threads on the suction bell to secure the pumping bellto the suction bell, the diaphragm and pumping bell defining a pumpingchamber in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; and amanually operable lever operably connected to the diaphragm for cyclicalmotion with respect to the suction bell to generate a cyclical vacuumwithin the suction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable tomultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield, and manuallyoperable in each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.82. The breast pump of claim 81, wherein the threads on the pumping andsuction bells comprise a quarter-turn fastener.
 83. The breast pump ofclaim 81, wherein the pump further includes a valve attached to thesuction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber.84. The breast pump of claim 81, wherein the suction bell has an outersurface that defines a recess, on a side of the suction bell oppositethe pumping lever, that defines, together with the pumping lever, amanual grip cyclically squeezable to operate the pump.
 85. The breastpump of claim 81, wherein two of the multiple orientations define anadjustment range angle of at least forty-five degrees.
 86. The breastpump of claim 81, wherein multiple positioning detents are definedbetween the lever and the suction bell, each detent corresponding to oneof the multiple orientations.
 87. A manual breast pump, comprising: asuction bell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shieldextending from the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receivinga human breast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber; and a manually operable lever secured to the suctionbell for cyclical motion with respect thereto to generate a cyclicalvacuum within the suction chamber, the lever being repositionable tomultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield, and manuallyoperable in each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum;wherein the suction bell has an outer surface that defines a neck in thesuction bell, on a side of the suction bell opposite the pumping lever,that defines, together with the pumping lever, a manual grip cyclicallysqueezable to operate the pump, the lever being shaped to conform to theneck in the suction bell.
 88. The breast pump of claim 87, wherein thelever is operably connected to a flexible diaphragm in hydrauliccommunication with the suction chamber.
 89. The breast pump of claim 87,wherein the lever is operably connected to a piston, the piston beingslidably disposed within a cylinder, and the cylinder being in hydrauliccommunication with the suction chamber.
 90. The breast pump of claim 87,wherein the pump further includes a valve attached to the suction belland adapted to drain pumped milk from the suction chamber.
 91. Thebreast pump of claim 87, wherein the suction bell has an outer surfacethat defines a recess, on a side of the suction bell opposite thepumping lever, that defines, together with the pumping lever, a manualgrip cyclically squeezable to operate the pump.
 92. The breast pump ofclaim 87, wherein two of the multiple orientations define an adjustmentrange angle of at least forty-five degrees.
 93. The breast pump of claim87, wherein multiple positioning detents are defined between the leverand the suction bell, each detent corresponding to one of the multipleorientations.
 94. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction belldefining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extending from thesuction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber;and a manually operable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclicalmotion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within thesuction chamber, the lever being repositionable to multiple orientationswith respect to the breast shield, and manually operable in each of theorientations to generate suction chamber vacuum; wherein the suctionbell has an outer surface that defines a recess, on a side of thesuction bell opposite the pumping lever, that defines, together with thepumping lever, a manual grip cyclically squeezable to operate the pump,the manual grip having a grip width changing less than one inch as thelever moves from a fully extended position to a fully retractedposition.
 95. The breast pump of claim 94, wherein the manual grip has agrip width changing less than three-quarters of an inch as the levermoves from a fully extended position to a fully retracted position. 96.The breast pump of claim 94, wherein the lever is operably connected toa flexible diaphragm in hydraulic communication with the suctionchamber.
 97. The breast pump of claim 94, wherein the lever is operablyconnected to a piston, the piston being slidably disposed within acylinder, and the cylinder being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber.
 98. The breast pump of claim 94, wherein the pumpfurther includes a valve attached to the suction bell and adapted todrain pumped milk from the suction chamber.
 99. The breast pump of claim94, wherein the suction bell has an outer surface that defines a recess,on a side of the suction bell opposite the pumping lever, that defines,together with the pumping lever, a manual grip cyclically squeezable tooperate the pump.
 100. The breast pump of claim 94, wherein two of themultiple orientations define an adjustment range angle of at leastforty-five degrees.
 101. The breast pump of claim 94, wherein multiplepositioning detents are defined between the lever and the suction bell,each detent corresponding to one of the multiple orientations.
 102. Amanual breast pump, comprising: a suction bell defining an internalsuction chamber; a breast shield extending from the suction bell anddefining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, the receptacle beingin hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; and a manuallyoperable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclical motion withrespect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber, the lever being repositionable to multiple orientations withrespect to the breast shield, and manually operable in each of theorientations to generate suction chamber vacuum; wherein multiplepositioning detents are defined between the lever and the suction bell,each detent corresponding to one of the multiple orientations.
 103. Thebreast pump of claim 102, wherein the lever is operably connected to aflexible diaphragm in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber.104. The breast pump of claim 102, wherein the lever is operablyconnected to a piston, the piston being slidably disposed within acylinder, and the cylinder being in hydraulic communication with thesuction chamber.
 105. The breast pump of claim 102, wherein the pumpfurther includes a valve attached to the suction bell and adapted todrain pumped milk from the suction chamber.
 106. The breast pump ofclaim 102, wherein the suction bell has an outer surface that defines arecess, on a side of the suction bell opposite the pumping lever, thatdefines, together with the pumping lever, a manual grip cyclicallysqueezable to operate the pump.
 107. The breast pump of claim 102,wherein two of the multiple orientations define an adjustment rangeangle of at least forty-five degrees.
 108. The breast pump of claim 102,wherein multiple positioning detains are defined between the lever andthe suction bell, each detent corresponding to one of the multipleorientations.
 109. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction belldefining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extending from thesuction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber;and a manually operable lever attached to a fulcrum repositionablysecured to the suction bell, the lever being configured for cyclicalmotion with respect to the suction bell to generate a cyclical vacuumwithin the suction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable tomultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield, and cyclicallyoperable in each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.110. The breast pump of claim 109, wherein the fulcrum is secured to acollar rotatably secured to the suction bell.
 111. The breast pump ofclaim 110, wherein the suction bell and collar together define apositioning detent adapted to secure the lever in at least one of themultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield.
 112. The breastpump of claim 110, wherein tabs extending from the collar are lodgedwithin an annular channel defined by the suction bell for restrictingmovement of the collar to a dialing rotation with respect to the suctionbell.
 113. The breast pump of claim 112, wherein the suction belldefines cutouts in the channel for allowing lodging of the tabs withinthe channel.
 114. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction belldefining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extending from thesuction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, thereceptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber;and a manually operable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclicalmotion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within thesuction chamber, the lever being operably connected to a flexiblediaphragm in hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; whereinthe lever is repositionable to multiple orientations with respect to thebreast shield, and cyclically operable in each of the orientations togenerate suction chamber vacuum.
 115. The breast pump of claim 114,wherein the diaphragm is removable from the suction bell.
 116. A manualbreast pump, comprising: a suction bell defining an internal suctionchamber; a breast shield extending from the suction bell and defining areceptacle for receiving a human breast, the receptacle being inhydraulic communication with the suction chamber; and a manuallyoperable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclical motion withrespect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber, wherein suction chamber pressure decreases in each cycle with aforward motion of the lever, and increases in each cycle with a returnmotion of the lever; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the breast shield, and cyclically operablein each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 117. Amanual breast pump, comprising: a suction bell defining an internalsuction chamber; a breast shield extending from the suction bell anddefining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, the receptacle beingin hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; a manually operablelever secured to the suction bell for cyclical motion with respectthereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suction chamber; and avalve attached to the suction bell and adapted to drain pumped milk fromthe suction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the breast shield, and cyclically operablein each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 118. Thebreast pump of claim 117, wherein the pump further includes a milkreceptacle removably secured to the suction bell beneath the valve. 119.A manual breast pump, comprising: a suction bell defining an internalsuction chamber; a breast shield extending from the suction bell anddefining a receptacle for receiving a human breast, the receptacle beingin hydraulic communication with the suction chamber; and a manuallyoperable lever secured to the suction bell for cyclical motion withrespect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuum within the suctionchamber, the suction bell having an outer surface that defines a recess,on a side of the suction bell opposite the pumping lever, that defines,together with the pumping lever, a manual grip cyclically squeezable tooperate the pump; wherein the lever is repositionable to multipleorientations with respect to the breast shield, and cyclically operablein each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum.
 120. Thebreast pump of claim 119, wherein the recess comprises a neck in thesuction bell.
 121. The breast pump of claim 120, wherein the lever isshaped to conform to the neck in the suction bell.
 122. The breast pumpof claim 119 wherein the manual grip has a grip width changing less thanone inch as the lever moves from a fully extended position to a fullyretracted position.
 123. The breast pump of claim 122, wherein themanual grip has a grip width changing less than three-quarters of aninch as the lever moves from a fully extended position to a fullyrefracted position.
 124. A manual breast pump, comprising: a suctionbell defining an internal suction chamber; a breast shield extendingfrom the suction bell and defining a receptacle for receiving a humanbreast, the receptacle being in hydraulic communication with the suctionchamber; and a manually operable lever secured to the suction bell forcyclical motion with respect thereto to generate a cyclical vacuumwithin the suction chamber; wherein the lever is repositionable tomultiple orientations with respect to the breast shield, and cyclicallyoperable in each of the orientations to generate suction chamber vacuum,and wherein multiple positioning detents are defined between the leverand the suction bell, each detent corresponding to one of the multipleorientations.